High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a condition that affects millions of Americans. Hypertension is known as a silent condition, because it can be present without any symptoms. According to the American Heart Association, nearly half of adults in the United States have hypertension, and 45% of these people do not have it under optimal control. This long-standing, untreated high blood pressure can affect many organ systems in your body. Hypertension can cause stroke, vision loss, heart failure, heart attack, kidney disease, and sexual dysfunction for both men and women. Hypertension can develop over time, and can be managed with a change in lifestyle behaviors and/or medications.
The most important step to take in recognizing if you have hypertension is to know your numbers. Did you know that with recent guideline changes, a systolic blood pressure of 130 or more, OR a diastolic pressure of 80-89, is considered stage 1 hypertension? You are considered to have an elevated blood pressure if your blood pressure is 120-129 systolic and diastolic less than 80. Normal blood pressure is less than 120 systolic AND diastolic less than 80.
Diagnosing hypertension must be performed by your healthcare provider, and initially will be made with averaging two or more blood pressure readings on two occasions. Evaluating your blood pressure can be performed with at-home blood pressure monitoring, or with visits to your healthcare provider. If your blood pressure is elevated, the initial treatment plan will likely include lifestyle modifications, and if needed, medications.
Some lifestyle modifications to help reduce your blood pressure include eating a well-balanced diet, decrease sodium (salt) intake, limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, managing stress, and getting regular exercise. Medications to treat high blood pressure are typically not recommended for those with stage 1 hypertension. Treatment for this stage will begin with lifestyle modifications if you have a low risk for cardiovascular disease. Your healthcare provider can calculate your 10-year risk of heart disease and stroke. However, each patient is different and treatment plans will vary based on your health history and your blood pressure readings.
If you have hypertension, the most important step you can take is to follow the direction of your healthcare provider. I encourage you to get your blood pressure checked regularly, starting at the age of 18. Do your best to keep track of these blood pressure numbers, and visit your healthcare provider on a regular basis. It is vital that you take an active role in your healthcare. Do you know your numbers?